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Selected based on some criteria of being worthy    
Most likely you were in a situation while growing up where you were in a group of people who were being selected by rotation.   This often occurred when teams were being chosen.   

In those situations the best were chosen first and the worst were chosen last.   In some situations there were more candidates than positions leaving the worst not being selected at all.   

When we talk about best and worst, people sometimes get self-conscious and defensive.   This is because we all want to be chosen.   However, depending on athletic ability, size and speed we may not be chosen.   
So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen.
Our responsiveness to the call of the Lord determines whether or not we are chosen.

This verse is very unnerving to many Christians who have experienced not being chosen in their past.   They think that the verse may be referencing physical qualifications or performance.   

However, Jesus was talking to the Jews when He made this statement.   He came solely to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.   He called them personally and repeatedly to faith in Him.   Yet they rejected Him.   

So, Jesus is telling them that even though He has called them, they are not chosen.   Why?   Because they were unworthy of Him by not believing and receiving Him.   
He is also telling them that though they were called first, they will be last - that the gentiles will come first to Him and then, in the end, the remnant of Israel will come to Him.   

Everyone is called Those who are chosen are those who respond positively to being called.   They make themselves worthy of Christ by honoring Him through faith into an intimate, personal relationship with Him.   

Going back to the team choosing example above, the Calvinist believes there is only one captain, Christ Jesus, who chose the two teams in eternity past when He determined to create all things.   The two teams are 'the saved' and 'the lost'.   

The Calvinist believes that what appears to be our choice in which team we will be a part of is an illusion .   They teach that we were created with a determinant predisposition to choose Christ or to reject Him.   

If such were the case, many questions arise
    Why did the Lord bother?   
    Isn't it evil to give man an illusion of choice?   
    Why would you create a person to send them to the Lake Of Fire?   
    Why did the Lord Jesus Christ come to suffer and die?   
    Why would Jesus implore people to 'come unto Me'?   
    Why should we pray?   
    Why should we evangelize?   
    Why should we have faith rather than resignation?   
    Why should we hope?   
    Isn't the Lord evil for playing this game with us?   

What the Calvinist does not understand is that the gift of literal Free Will is what made us in the image of God spiritually .   

God chooses to be who He is.    No one forces God to be good, to be love, to be merciful, to be longsuffering, to be gentle, to be kind or to be gracious.   

So, for us to be like Him He had to give us the opportunity to choose to be like Him or not.   

The Calvinist sees this as God not being sovereign which they cannot handle.   What they don't grasp is that the gift of Free Will is more of a conditional loan than a gift.   

Free Will is given to man for the duration of His physical existence during which he will exercise that Free Will to choose life or death.   

Those who die having exercised their Free Will to reject the Lord Jesus Christ are cast into the Lake Of Fire and their Free Will returns to God.   

Those who die having exercised their Free Will to receive the Lord Jesus Christ enter into eternal, heavenly bliss retaining their Free Will.   

Are you chosen?   
But the Holy Spirit Father commends his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
No one can see our Heavenly Father, the Holy Spirit.     Since man is carnal and He is Spirit, no one could really know Him

Prophets had spoken of Him and some aspects of His nature were revealed.     But the perfect Truth of His love and His desire for us was not revealed and could not be understood.     

So, He poured Himself into the body of Christ Jesus physically, mentally and spiritually His Word became flesh and dwelt among us

While we were separated from Him in the pathetic state of spiritual death, the perfect Son Of Man, the Son Of The Holy Spirit shed His blood to redeem us.

For the Holy Spirit so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.
The Holy Spirit is the eternal, omniscient, omnipresent, omnipotent Creator of all things by the Word.     

What world is John speaking of?     
    The earth and all the people born into humanity.     

The Holy Spirit is love and love is of the Holy Spirit.     

The world was created by our Lord and it is good.     We know that man chose rebellion against the Holy Spirit and so humanity became evil.     But the Holy Spirit loves the people of this world and so He birthed Christ Jesus into the world to redeem it and us.     

The Gospel is heard and those who are hungry are lead by the Holy Spirit to believe and receive the Truth.     

The Truth sets us free from sin, from death and hell and brings us to Eternal Life by the infilling of the Holy Spirit.     

Here is understanding:
    Everlasting Life is Eternal Life
    Eternal Life is union with the Holy Spirit.

For the Holy Spirit sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved.
Condemnation is of Satan.     He tempted Eve to cause her to fall into condemnation.     He is our accuser.     He hates humanity.     

But the Lord loves us and desires for us to be saved - to experience eternal, abundant life.

And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and you shall be saved, and your house.
We connect The Measure Of Faith that the Lord gave us at birth with the Gospel of Jesus Christ and we are born of His Holy Spirit and so become Sons Of The Holy Spirit.     

Note that this verse does not tell us to believe on the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.     It tells us to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ who is:
    the Father
    the Son
    the Holy Spirit

This is what Chrisitanity is all about - recognizing God in Christ Jesus so that we no longer flounder around in speculation and confusion.     
    Jesus is the Way to God.     
    Jesus is the Truth about God.     
    Jesus is the Life of God.     
    Jesus is God.     

That if you shall confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus, and shall believe in your heart that His Holy Spirit has raised Him from the dead, you shall be saved.
This is the encapsulation of Grace, clearly pointing out our part which is faith in Jesus and confession of Him as risen Lord and Saviour.     

The implication of our part being to believe on Jesus Christ and confess Him as risen Lord, is that He has done everything else!     
It is why we call it amazing Grace!     
It is why the gospel is nearly too good to be true!     

Who raised Jesus from the dead?     
He raised Himself by His Holy Spirit

For with the heart man believes unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation.
It is Heart Faith that enables the miracle of the New Birth.     

It is our personal confession of Jesus as Mighty God, Creator and loving Saviour that seals that miracle.

The above verses speak to the fact that
    you must believe,
    you must receive and
    you must confess.   

Choose wisely my friend.